last update: November 14, 2025
Paxil (generic name: paroxetine) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant prescribed to treat a range of mental health conditions. By increasing the availability of serotonin in the brain, paroxetine helps regulate mood, reduce anxiety, and alleviate intrusive or repetitive thoughts and behaviors. It is available in immediate-release tablets and suspension, as well as a controlled-release (CR) formulation.
Clinicians prescribe Paxil for major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It is also commonly used for panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (social phobia), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Off-label, it may be considered for conditions such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), vasomotor symptoms of menopause (hot flashes), and certain types of chronic anxiety-related sleep disturbances when clinically appropriate.
Paroxetine works by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) into presynaptic neurons, enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission. Its clinical benefit typically emerges gradually over several weeks as neurochemical balances stabilize.
Always use Paxil exactly as directed by your prescriber. Do not change your dose or stop the medication without medical guidance, as abrupt changes can cause withdrawal symptoms.
Therapeutic effects often begin within 1 to 2 weeks for anxiety symptoms and 2 to 4 weeks for depressive symptoms, with full benefit taking up to 6 to 8 weeks or longer. If you do not notice improvement after several weeks, or if symptoms worsen, contact your healthcare provider for an evaluation and possible dose adjustment.
Active ingredient: paroxetine hydrochloride. Paxil is available in multiple strengths and formulations, including immediate-release tablets, oral suspension, and controlled-release tablets (Paxil CR). Generic paroxetine offers comparable efficacy and safety to brand-name Paxil when used as directed.
If any of the above apply, consult your clinician immediately before starting paroxetine. Do not begin or stop any psychiatric medication without medical oversight.
Paroxetine is a strong inhibitor of the CYP2D6 enzyme and has clinically significant interactions. Always provide your clinician and pharmacist with a complete list of prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and supplements.
This list is not exhaustive. Always consult a clinician or pharmacist before starting, stopping, or changing any medication, including herbal supplements.
Paroxetine has a relatively short half-life, which makes discontinuation symptoms more likely if the medication is stopped abruptly. These symptoms can include dizziness, flu-like feelings, insomnia, vivid dreams, irritability, “brain zaps,” nausea, and imbalance. To minimize withdrawal effects, clinicians typically recommend a gradual dose taper over several weeks or longer, tailored to individual response. Never stop paroxetine suddenly without a taper plan and medical supervision.
Many side effects are mild and improve as your body adjusts. Tell your healthcare provider if they are persistent or distressing.
Contact a clinician promptly or seek emergency care if you experience:
This is not a complete list of adverse effects. Report unexpected or severe symptoms to a healthcare professional.
A collaborative care plan improves outcomes with SSRIs. Regular follow-up visits allow your clinician to monitor response, side effects, and safety labs when indicated (e.g., sodium levels in at-risk populations). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and other psychotherapies can complement medication and may reduce relapse risk. If Paxil is not effective or not well tolerated, your clinician may recommend dose adjustments, switching to another SSRI or SNRI, or augmentation strategies tailored to your diagnosis and medical history.
In the United States, Paxil (paroxetine) is a prescription-only medication. Federal and state laws require a valid prescription from a licensed clinician, and dispensing must occur through a licensed pharmacy. While online and telehealth services can streamline access to care, legitimate providers will always include an appropriate clinical evaluation and prescribe only when medically indicated.
HealthSouth Rehabilitation Hospital of Petersburg offers structured and compliant pathways to care, which may include coordinated telehealth evaluations and pharmacy fulfillment in accordance with U.S. law. Any access to Paxil through such services requires clinical assessment and a valid prescription when appropriate. If you are considering treatment, contact a licensed healthcare professional or a reputable health system to begin a legally sound and medically supervised care process.
Paxil is the brand name for paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. A low-dose formulation of paroxetine is also used for menopausal hot flashes.
Paxil increases serotonin levels by blocking its reuptake in the brain, which helps stabilize mood and reduce anxiety over time.
Some people notice improved sleep, appetite, or anxiety within 1–2 weeks, but full mood benefits typically take 4–6 weeks or longer. Consistent daily use is important.
Dosing is individualized, but many adults start at a low dose (often 10–20 mg daily) and increase gradually based on response and tolerability. Only your prescriber should adjust your dose.
Nausea, drowsiness or insomnia, dry mouth, sweating, constipation or diarrhea, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, and weight gain are common. Many early side effects improve after a few weeks.
Potential serious risks include serotonin syndrome, increased bleeding risk (especially with NSAIDs/anticoagulants), low sodium (hyponatremia), angle-closure glaucoma in susceptible people, and rare mood or behavior changes including suicidal thoughts in young people. Seek urgent care for severe symptoms.
No. Paroxetine has one of the highest risks of discontinuation symptoms (dizziness, “brain zaps,” nausea, irritability, sleep problems). Work with your clinician on a slow taper.
Take it when you remember unless it’s close to the next dose. Do not double up. Try to take it at the same time each day.
Choose the time that minimizes side effects. If it makes you sleepy, take it at night; if it’s activating or interferes with sleep, take it in the morning. Be consistent.
Weight gain can occur, especially with longer-term use, and may be more likely with paroxetine compared to some other SSRIs. Healthy diet, activity, and early discussion with your prescriber can help manage this.
Decreased libido, delayed orgasm, or erectile difficulties are possible. If they occur, options include dose adjustment, timing strategies, switching medications, or add-on therapies—discuss with your clinician.
Yes, early treatment can briefly increase restlessness or anxiety before it improves. Starting low and titrating slowly helps. Report persistent or severe symptoms to your prescriber.
Do not combine with MAOIs, linezolid, or methylene blue. Use caution with other serotonergic agents (triptans, tramadol, dextromethorphan, St. John’s wort), blood thinners/NSAIDs, and certain heart or psychiatric meds. Paroxetine is a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and can affect drugs like tamoxifen and metoprolol.
It can be used, but older adults are more prone to low sodium, falls, and anticholinergic effects. Lower starting doses and monitoring are recommended.
Paxil CR is a controlled-release form designed for smoother absorption and possibly fewer stomach side effects. Doses are not milligram-for-milligram equivalent; use exactly as prescribed.
It’s best to avoid or strictly limit alcohol. Combining alcohol with paroxetine can worsen drowsiness, impair judgment and coordination, and may blunt treatment response.
Avoid taking your dose while intoxicated and do not double up later. Resume your regular dosing schedule when sober and hydrated, and discuss your alcohol use with your clinician.
Paroxetine has been associated with a small increased risk of certain birth defects, especially when used early in pregnancy. If you’re pregnant or planning pregnancy, talk to your prescriber; alternatives like sertraline are often preferred, but decisions should weigh maternal mental health and risks.
Paroxetine appears in low levels in breast milk and is generally considered compatible with breastfeeding, though sertraline is often preferred. Monitor the infant for poor feeding, irritability, or sleep changes and coordinate with your pediatrician.
Do not stop abruptly. SSRIs can increase bleeding risk, especially when combined with NSAIDs or anticoagulants. Inform your surgeon and anesthesiologist; they will advise whether to continue or adjust therapy.
Avoid combining with serotonergic pain meds like tramadol or meperidine, which raise serotonin syndrome risk. Let your care team know you take paroxetine so they can choose safer options.
Avoid dextromethorphan-containing products due to serotonin syndrome risk. Many cold medicines also contain sedating antihistamines or interact with other drugs. Ask a pharmacist or clinician before use.
Symptoms include agitation, confusion, sweating, fever, tremor, muscle stiffness, diarrhea, rapid heartbeat, and shivering. This is a medical emergency—seek urgent care if suspected.
Both are SSRIs effective for depression and anxiety. Sertraline is often better tolerated for long-term use, may cause more diarrhea, and is typically preferred in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Paroxetine may be more sedating and linked to more weight gain and withdrawal symptoms.
Fluoxetine has a long half-life, which means a lower risk of discontinuation symptoms and more forgiving missed doses, but it can be more activating. Paroxetine is more sedating and has stronger CYP2D6 inhibition, leading to more drug interactions and sexual side effects in some patients.
Both treat depression and anxiety. Citalopram has dose-related QT prolongation limits, while paroxetine has more anticholinergic effects, weight gain, and withdrawal risk. Choice depends on your health profile and other medications.
Escitalopram is often very well tolerated, with a favorable side-effect profile and fewer interactions. Paroxetine may work well for some but tends to have more sedation, weight gain, and discontinuation symptoms.
Both are SSRIs; fluvoxamine is often used for OCD and has many CYP-mediated interactions (notably CYP1A2). Paroxetine strongly inhibits CYP2D6. Side-effect profiles differ; individualized selection is key.
Both are effective. Clinicians often start with sertraline due to tolerability and fewer metabolic interactions, while paroxetine may be chosen if sedation is desirable. Personal response varies.
All SSRIs can cause sexual dysfunction, but paroxetine is frequently associated with a higher rate compared to escitalopram. Managing strategies should be personalized.
Paroxetine is more commonly linked to weight gain than fluoxetine. Lifestyle measures and monitoring can help whichever agent you use.
Paroxetine generally has more pronounced discontinuation symptoms due to its short half-life and pharmacology. Any SSRI should be tapered under medical guidance.
Fluoxetine is more forgiving because of its long half-life, reducing missed-dose effects and easing discontinuation.
Yes. Paroxetine strongly inhibits CYP2D6, which can reduce activation of tamoxifen. Sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram are often preferred in patients on tamoxifen.
Not necessarily. Efficacy across SSRIs is broadly similar; differences lie in side effects, interactions, and patient-specific response rather than speed or “strength.”
Paxil CR’s controlled release may reduce early gastrointestinal side effects for some people, though overall efficacy is comparable. Dosing is not interchangeable milligram-for-milligram.
Both can be effective; OCD often requires higher SSRI doses and longer trials. Many guidelines favor sertraline, fluoxetine, or fluvoxamine, but paroxetine remains a valid option depending on response and tolerability.