last update: November 14, 2025
Cymbalta (duloxetine) is an SNRI antidepressant authorized for multiple conditions that involve mood symptoms as well as certain types of chronic pain. Clinically, duloxetine is indicated for:
By modulating serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system, Cymbalta can help improve depressive and anxiety symptoms such as low mood, worry, irritability, poor sleep, and decreased concentration. In pain conditions like fibromyalgia and diabetic nerve pain, the same neurotransmitter pathways play a role in pain signaling. Restoring balance can reduce pain intensity, improve function, and support daily activities.
Off-label, clinicians may consider duloxetine for other forms of neuropathic pain or stress urinary incontinence; such use should be individualized and guided by a qualified prescriber who weighs risks and benefits for each patient.
Use Cymbalta exactly as directed by your clinician. Consistency matters for symptom control and minimizing side effects.
It often takes 1 to 2 weeks to notice initial improvements in anxiety or sleep, with fuller antidepressant benefits over 4 to 6 weeks. For chronic pain syndromes, some patients report early benefit within the first week, while others improve over several weeks. Keep your follow-up appointments so your dose and regimen can be adjusted as needed.
Renal or hepatic impairment may necessitate adjustments or avoidance. Duloxetine is generally not recommended in severe renal disease (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²) or in chronic liver disease due to elevated risks of adverse effects.
Store Cymbalta at 25°C (77°F), with permitted excursions between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Protect from moisture, heat, and direct light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Retain in the original container until use to safeguard the enteric coating of the capsules.
Active ingredient: Duloxetine hydrochloride.
Mechanism of action: Duloxetine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). By blocking the reuptake of these neurotransmitters, duloxetine increases their availability in synaptic clefts, which supports mood regulation and dampens central pain pathways. Unlike sedative medications, duloxetine does not directly act on GABA receptors and is not a benzodiazepine or opioid.
Formulations: Delayed-release capsules in multiple strengths, commonly 20 mg, 30 mg, and 60 mg. Brand-name Cymbalta and FDA-approved generic duloxetine are typically considered therapeutically equivalent.
Onset and duration: Steady-state levels are usually achieved in about 3 days; half-life averages 12 hours. Clinical response curves vary; sustained daily use is key to therapeutic benefit.
Discuss any contraindication or uncertainty with your prescriber before initiating therapy.
Tell your clinician if you have any of the following before starting duloxetine:
These conditions do not necessarily preclude use, but they may require careful monitoring, dose adjustments, or selection of an alternative therapy.
Provide your care team with a complete list of prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
This is not an exhaustive list. Always check before starting, stopping, or changing doses of any medication.
Many people tolerate duloxetine well; when side effects happen, they are often mild and improve over time. Common effects include:
Strategies that may help include taking the dose with food for nausea, shifting the dosing time (morning vs. evening) depending on sedation or activation, staying hydrated, and using physician-approved remedies for constipation. Discuss persistent sexual side effects with your prescriber; options may include dose adjustments or adjunctive strategies.
Schedule follow-up visits 2 to 4 weeks after initiation or dose adjustments to evaluate efficacy, tolerability, and safety parameters.
Pregnancy: Antidepressant use in late pregnancy may be associated with neonatal adaptation symptoms (jitteriness, irritability, feeding difficulties, respiratory issues). Decisions about continuing duloxetine during pregnancy should balance maternal mental health needs and potential fetal/neonatal risks. Do not stop medication abruptly; consult your obstetric and mental health providers to plan safely.
Breastfeeding: Duloxetine is excreted into breast milk in low amounts. Some authorities advise caution or selecting alternatives with more lactation data. If duloxetine is used during breastfeeding, monitor the infant for sedation, poor feeding, or irritability, and coordinate care with a pediatrician.
Depending on individual response and side-effect profile, alternatives may include other SNRIs (venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine), SSRIs (sertraline, escitalopram), or agents for neuropathic pain (gabapentinoids, TCAs). For fibromyalgia and chronic pain, multimodal approaches often yield better outcomes than medication alone.
Generic duloxetine capsules are widely available in 20 mg, 30 mg, and 60 mg strengths and are typically more affordable than brand-name Cymbalta. Insurance formularies often prefer generics; copays vary by plan. Patient assistance programs or pharmacy discount cards may lower out-of-pocket costs. Always verify the source of your medication is licensed and compliant with regional regulations; in the United States, duloxetine is available only by prescription from a licensed clinician and dispensed by a state-licensed pharmacy.
When it is time to stop therapy, a taper is recommended to reduce discontinuation symptoms. A typical taper might reduce the daily dose by 20 to 30 mg every 1 to 2 weeks, personalized based on starting dose, duration of therapy, and individual sensitivity. If symptoms emerge during taper, your clinician may slow the taper or adjust the schedule.
In the United States, duloxetine (Cymbalta) is a prescription-only medication. Federal and state laws require a valid prescription from a licensed clinician following an appropriate evaluation before the medicine can be dispensed by a licensed pharmacy. Purchasing duloxetine without a prescription or from unverified sources may be unsafe, illegal, or both, and can expose patients to counterfeit or substandard products.
For individuals seeking convenient access to care, telehealth services provide a lawful, structured pathway: a licensed clinician evaluates your health history, current symptoms, and treatment goals, and issues a prescription only if clinically appropriate. Pharmacies then dispense the medication in accordance with all applicable regulations.
HealthSouth Rehabilitation Hospital of Petersburg supports a legal and structured approach to accessing Cymbalta by facilitating appropriate clinical evaluation and, when indicated, prescription management through compliant channels. This means patients can receive evidence-based care and, when appropriate, obtain Cymbalta through licensed pharmacies—without the need for a walk-in visit—while adhering to all U.S. prescription requirements.
Cymbalta is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and chronic musculoskeletal pain such as osteoarthritis or chronic low back pain.
It increases levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain and spinal cord, which can improve mood, reduce anxiety, and modulate pain signaling to decrease the experience of chronic pain.
Some people notice sleep, appetite, or anxiety improvements within 1–2 weeks, mood often improves by 4–6 weeks, and pain conditions may respond within 1–2 weeks, with continued gains over several weeks.
For depression and anxiety, common dosing is 30–60 mg once daily, titrated as needed; for pain conditions, 60 mg once daily is typical. The maximum is generally 120 mg/day, taken at the same time each day, with or without food.
No. Cymbalta is a delayed-release capsule that should be swallowed whole to protect the medication from stomach acid; do not crush or chew. If swallowing is difficult, ask your pharmacist about options.
Nausea, dry mouth, constipation, decreased appetite, dizziness, sleepiness or insomnia, sweating, headache, and sexual side effects are most common, especially early in treatment.
Seek help for signs of liver injury (dark urine, yellowing skin/eyes, severe fatigue), severe rash, swelling, confusion, severe dizziness, unusual bleeding or bruising, sustained increases in blood pressure, or symptoms of serotonin syndrome such as agitation, fever, tremor, or diarrhea.
Early in treatment some people lose a small amount of weight due to nausea or reduced appetite; long-term weight changes vary and are usually modest. Healthy diet and activity can help manage fluctuations.
It can cause either sleepiness or insomnia. Taking it consistently at the same time and adjusting timing (morning versus evening) based on your response may help; discuss persistent sleep issues with your clinician.
Yes, modest increases can occur, particularly at higher doses. Check your blood pressure periodically, especially if you have hypertension or cardiovascular risk factors.
It is not addictive in the way substances of abuse are, but physical dependence can occur. Abruptly stopping may cause discontinuation symptoms, so taper gradually under medical guidance.
Work with your clinician to taper over weeks to months, reducing the dose stepwise to minimize discontinuation symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, irritability, brain zaps, insomnia, or flu-like feelings.
Yes. It is FDA-approved for diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and chronic musculoskeletal pain, and can reduce pain intensity and improve function, often independent of effects on mood.
It can be used with caution. Older adults may be more sensitive to side effects like dizziness, hyponatremia (low sodium), and falls; start low, go slow, and monitor blood pressure, sodium, and balance.
Avoid MAOIs within 14 days, and use caution with other serotonergic drugs (triptans, tramadol, linezolid, methylene blue, St. John’s wort) due to serotonin syndrome risk. NSAIDs, aspirin, and anticoagulants may increase bleeding risk, and strong CYP1A2 or CYP2D6 inhibitors/inducers can alter levels.
It’s best to avoid or limit alcohol. Combining can increase sleepiness and significantly raise the risk of liver injury; people who drink heavily should not use duloxetine.
Risks and benefits must be weighed. Untreated depression/anxiety carries risks; Cymbalta may be continued if benefits outweigh risks. Late-pregnancy exposure can cause transient neonatal adaptation symptoms; discuss options with your obstetric and mental health providers.
Duloxetine passes into breast milk in low amounts. Many infants do well, but monitor for sedation, poor feeding, or irritability, and discuss with your pediatrician and prescriber.
Do not stop abruptly. Many patients continue SNRIs through surgery to avoid withdrawal, but your team may adjust plans due to bleeding risk and potential interactions with serotonergic analgesics; tell your surgeon and anesthesiologist you take duloxetine.
Cymbalta can increase bleeding risk, especially with NSAIDs, aspirin, warfarin, or DOACs. Use the lowest effective NSAID dose, watch for bruising or bleeding, and have INR or other labs monitored if applicable.
Avoid duloxetine in chronic liver disease or substantial alcohol use due to hepatotoxicity risk. If you have mild abnormalities, your clinician may recommend alternatives or close monitoring of liver enzymes.
Mild to moderate impairment may be acceptable with caution, but severe renal impairment can increase drug levels; dose adjustments or alternative medications may be considered—discuss with your prescriber.
Take it as soon as you remember unless it’s close to the next dose. Do not double up; resume your regular schedule to reduce the risk of side effects.
Both SNRIs are effective and guideline-recommended; individual response varies. Cymbalta may be chosen when pain is prominent, while venlafaxine has robust evidence across depression and anxiety; side effect profiles and medical history often guide the choice.
Both can cause discontinuation symptoms, but venlafaxine’s shorter half-life is associated with more frequent and intense withdrawal if stopped abruptly. Gradual tapering is essential for either.
Both can raise blood pressure and heart rate slightly; venlafaxine tends to have a greater dose-related effect, especially at higher doses, while duloxetine’s increases are usually smaller but still warrant monitoring.
Duloxetine is metabolized by the liver (CYP1A2/2D6) and treats pain conditions in addition to mood disorders. Desvenlafaxine is renally cleared, has fewer CYP interactions, and is approved for depression; blood pressure increases may be more pronounced with desvenlafaxine.
Pristiq often has a simple, once-daily 50 mg dose for many patients, while duloxetine has multiple strengths with flexible titration useful for tailoring to pain and anxiety.
Levomilnacipran has stronger norepinephrine activity, which some patients experience as increased energy or focus, but it may cause more tachycardia, sweating, and urinary hesitancy. Duloxetine tends to be more balanced with potentially fewer noradrenergic side effects.
Duloxetine has FDA approvals and strong evidence for diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Levomilnacipran is approved for depression only and lacks comparable pain indications.
Both are effective for fibromyalgia; duloxetine also treats depression and anxiety, while milnacipran is approved for fibromyalgia in the U.S. Side effect profiles are similar, though milnacipran may cause more sweating and increased heart rate.
Generic duloxetine contains the same active ingredient and is therapeutically equivalent to Cymbalta when obtained from reputable sources. Most patients do equally well on the generic at lower cost.
All SNRIs can cause decreased libido, delayed orgasm, or erectile dysfunction. Individual sensitivity varies; some patients report fewer issues with duloxetine than with venlafaxine/desvenlafaxine, but differences are modest.
Clinical improvements often appear within weeks for all SNRIs. No single SNRI is universally superior; comorbid pain, side effects, medical conditions, and drug interactions typically drive selection.
Duloxetine carries more concern for liver toxicity and should be avoided in chronic liver disease or heavy alcohol use. Venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine require renal dose adjustments and monitoring in kidney impairment; desvenlafaxine has fewer CYP interactions.